• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    IMPROVEMENT IN VEHICLES OR RELATED TO THEM. The invention relates to a vehicle comprising front and rear wheels, a passenger cell and an engine, in which the engine is located entirely posterior to the extension ahead of the passenger cell, the engine having a cooling circuit , additionally comprising a radiator that is in fluid communication with the cooling circuit, the radiator being located posterior to the centers of the front wheel and in front of the engine, and in an air flow path that extends on one side of under the vehicle to an outlet on the rear face of the vehicle, where the airflow path is channeled at least in a part around the radiator. This arrangement is successful in placing the radiator close to the engine, thereby avoiding long pathways of the duct and its associated weight. The ducting causes a region of high pressure on the face of the radiator, and the outlet on the rear face of the vehicle opens to the region of low pressure behind the vehicle, so that air is drawn along the flow path through the radiator. (...)
    公开号:BR112012014868B1
    申请号:R112012014868-0
    申请日:2010-12-17
    公开日:2020-12-08
    发明作者:Ian Gordon Murray
    申请人:Gordon Murray Design Limited；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [0001] The present invention relates to improvements in vehicles or related to them, and especially the cooling of vehicles with intermediate and rear engines. BACKGROUND TECHNIQUE
    [0002] Many and several designs have been adopted for vehicles and their drive trains. The main distinctions are in the selection of which wheels are driven, and the location of the engine and the gearbox that drive these wheels.
    [0003] The most common design is the frontal engine, in which the engine is located in front of the passenger cell. However, for reasons of packaging and weight distribution it is also known to adopt an intermediate engine design or a rear engine design. A design with a rear engine, such as that adopted in the VW Beetle and Porsche 911, places the engine on or behind the rear axle. The intermediate engine design places the engine between the rear geometric axle and the passenger cell, and is often used in sports cars and supercars, such as the Lotus Elise, Porsche Boxster and Carrera GT, the Ferrari 430, and the Lamborghini Gallardo (for example).
    [0004] The engine of any vehicle must be cooled, regardless of where it is located. In vehicles with a front engine, this is usually achieved by placing a radiator behind a grid on the front face of the vehicle. As the vehicle moves forward, cold air flows through the grille and through the radiator. Meanwhile, heat transfer fluid is pumped around a circuit that includes the engine and the radiator. The fluid is, therefore, cooled by the air flowing through the radiator, and (successively) cools the engine through which it flows.
    [0005] Vehicles with a rear and intermediate engine typically use, in essence, the same arrangement, which extends the ducts to and from the radiator as needed in order to reach the engine. Some previous rear-engine vehicles (such as the previous Beetle and 911 variants) dispensed entirely with forced cooling provisions, and instead, the duct air that flows from the vehicle's roof to the engine frame and cooling fins embedded in the engine block and / or cylinders, thereby cooling the engine with air.
    [0006] The heat transfer fluid is usually water based (ie, water containing various additives, such as to inhibit freezing and corrosion). Other fluids can be used, however, such as the Porsche 911 (type 993) which uses lubricating oil as the heat transfer fluid. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0007] The present invention relates to vehicles with intermediate and rear engines, and aims to improve the cooling arrangements of the engines of such vehicles. It is applicable to any vehicle, regardless of the location of the gearbox and the configuration of the drive wheels, but the advantages of the invention are particularly complemented by a rear-engine and rear-wheel drive configuration.
    [0008] The present invention, therefore, provides a vehicle comprising front and rear wheels, a passenger cell and an engine, in which the engine is located entirely at the rear of the front extension of the passenger cell, the engine having a cooling circuit, which additionally comprises a radiator that is in fluid communication with the cooling circuit, the radiator being located posterior to the centers of the front wheel and in front of the engine, and in an air flow path that extends from the underside of the vehicle to an outlet on the rear face of the vehicle, where the airflow path is channeled at least in one part around the radiator.
    [0009] This provision is successful in allowing the radiator to be placed close to the engine, thereby avoiding the long paths of the duct and its associated weight. It also reduces the range of items that need to be accommodated in front of the passenger cell, allowing greater flexibility in packaging the vehicle and, therefore, its overall design. However, this also ensures an air flow through the radiator, the usual reason for placing the radiator on the front face of the vehicle. Plumbing in the region around the radiator creates a high pressure area on the front face of the radiator as the vehicle moves through the air. In addition, locating the outlet on the rear face of the vehicle means that it opens in the low pressure region that is created behind the vehicle as it moves through the air. This combination, therefore, draws air along the flow path through the radiator.
    [00010] The flow path can be partially or completely channeled, and / or it can be defined among other items, such as the underside of the passenger cell and an upper surface of the engine.
    [00011] The rear face of the vehicle is preferably vertical, as is common in the case of urban cars. This emphasizes the low pressure area and ensures adequate air flow. The outlet is preferably located on the rear face at a height such that at least part of the outlet is above the centers of the rear wheel, to place it in a position where the air pressure differential is sufficient. The outlet can be covered with a grid or the like.
    [00012] A fan can be provided, associated with the radiator, to drive air through the radiator. This will help when the vehicle is at low speeds or stationary.
    [00013] A pump is preferably present, to drive the refrigerant fluid around the cooling circuit. The refrigerant fluid is ideally based on water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [00014] An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the attached figures, in which; Figure 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a vehicle with a rear engine according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MODALITIES
    [00015] Referring to figure 1, a vehicle 10 in the form of a compact city car includes front wheels 12, rear wheels 14 and a passenger cell 16. In the passenger cell 16, one or more front seats 18 are provided, together with the controls 20 to allow a driver to control the vehicle. The controls 20 are shown in the form of a steering wheel, but, of course, it will include the normal set of controls that is conventionally provided in a city car, such as the accelerator (gas), brake and clutch pedals and a shift lever. The clutch pedal and shift lever can be replaced with other transmission controls as required. Behind the front seat (s) there is one or more rear seats 22, and behind the rear seat (s) 22 is a luggage compartment 24. In combination, the space occupied by the (s) front seat (s) 18 and rear seat (s) 22 define the passenger cell 16. In this case, the luggage compartment 24 is integral with the passenger cell 16, to maximize the flexibility of the internal space, but this need not be the case.
    [00016] An engine 26 is provided under the rear seat (s) 22 and the luggage compartment 24. It can be of any type that requires cooling, such as a gasoline engine, a diesel engine , an electric motor, an alternative fuel engine or a hybrid, in any of these (or other) forms of propulsion. Located between the rear wheels 14, the engine has associated drive and drive axles, and is capable of driving the rear wheels directly. The invention is applicable to vehicles with other forms of transmission, however.
    [00017] Immediately in front of engine 26, there is a radiator 28 and an associated fan 20. Seated close to engine 26, the radiator can be connected to the engine's cooling circuit using only the short lengths of the hose 32. Compared to the length of the hose (and coolant fluid volume) required to locate the radiator in front of the vehicle, there is significant weight savings in the location of the radiator in this position. In addition, the front grille that is required in order to allow air to enter the radiator would usually create a significant contribution to the vehicle's drag coefficient. This grid can be eliminated or greatly reduced in size, thereby reducing drag and allowing the vehicle's operating efficiency to be improved.
    [00018] It is still necessary, of course, to ensure an adequate air flow through the radiator. The illustrated vehicle, therefore, has an inlet grille 34 on the underside of the vehicle immediately in front of the radiator 28 and an outlet grille 36 on the rear face 42 of the vehicle, extending from a lower margin 38 just above the base of the vehicle. vehicle to an upper margin 40 just below the luggage compartment, and above the rear axle. This positioning of the outlet grille 36 puts it in communication with the low pressure air region ("base suction") that exists behind a moving vehicle - especially one with a vertical rear face 42, as shown in figure 1 .
    [00019] Plumbing can be provided for the flow of air over the radiator. This could be the entire length of the airflow, or (preferably) around the radiator and fan only. For example, such plumbing could extend from a mouth that protrudes below the vehicle to a point just behind the fan. The ducting between the underside of the vehicle and the radiator 28 can be unobstructed and completely sealed, directing the air flow directly to the face in front of the radiator 28, that is, the face in front of the radiator is oriented across the travel path. air flow. By expanding the cross-sectional area of the duct in the region leading to the radiator, a very high and evenly distributed positive pressure can be achieved on the face in front of the radiator 28. The low pressure area 44 behind the vehicle is created by the vortex of the propeller resulting from air flowing past the vehicle when in motion. Air flows over the vehicle as shown by arrows 46, and when the air flow reaches the rear of a vehicle with a bulky rear face 42 there is a turbulent flow 48 in the space immediately behind the vehicle. Likewise, there is an air flow below the vehicle (arrows 50); some part of it will be deflected through the radiator as described above (arrow 52), but some part (arrow 54) will continue under the vehicle and flow turbulently in the space behind the vehicle. This turbulent region behind the vehicle is usually seen as a problem; the low pressure region 44 it creates acts to increase the vehicle's aerodynamic drag (arrows 56), and turbulence can collect dust and water to make the rear faces of trailer or van vehicles (especially) very dirty.
    [00020] In the present invention, however, this low pressure region 44 is positively advantageous. It will provide a pressure differential between the input grid 34 and the output grid 36, which will cause an air flow through the radiator 28, providing the necessary cooling. Of course, this can be aided by the fan 30, such as when the vehicle is stationary or at low speed, or when the engine is under tension in particular, in a way that is familiar to vehicle designers. However, much of the air flow through the radiator will be provided by this use of the base suction effect.
    [00021] The positive pressure achieved on the face in front of the radiator 28, when combined with the low base suction at the rear of the vehicle 10, results in much greater pressure drops across the radiator than can otherwise be normally achieved with base suction or a vacuum-assisted rear outlet alone. It is the combination of the positive pressure on the face in front of the radiator 28 and the negative pressure on the rear face 42 of the vehicle 10 that results in a strong performance gain in the air flow of the radiator.
    [00022] Thus, the invention offers numerous advantages when used with a vehicle with intermediate or rear engine, such as the one illustrated. The significant weight of the ducts leading to a front mounted radiator is avoided, as it is the weight of the refrigerant fluid with which the ducts will need to be filled and the various gaskets, fittings and fixings that are associated with the ducts. There will also be cost savings associated with the absence of these items, and less time will be required when assembling the vehicle. In fact, the entire engine, gearbox and cooling system could be manufactured in one unit before the vehicle is fitted, offering greater efficiencies during manufacture.
    [00023] In addition, the aerodynamic drag of the front grille can be eliminated entirely, offering an improved drag coefficient and, therefore, greater vehicle efficiency. In use, the radiator will be less susceptible to damage, such as collisions or stones. An air flow over the engine is also created, helping to cool the engine frame and preventing localized hot regions from developing.
    [00024] It will logically be understood that many variations can be made in the modalities described above without departing from the scope of the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [0001]
    1. Vehicle, characterized by the fact that it comprises front and rear wheels, a passenger cell and an engine, in which the engine is located entirely posterior to the extension ahead of the passenger cell, the engine having a cooling circuit , additionally comprising a radiator that is in fluid communication with the cooling circuit, the radiator being located posterior to the centers of the front wheel and in front of the engine, and in an air flow path that extends on one side of below the vehicle to an outlet on the rear face of the vehicle, the airflow path being channeled at least in a part around the radiator and the engine, and the airflow path is a single flow of Air introduced vertically through a lower opening at the bottom of the vehicle, communicates with the radiator and exits horizontally at the rear of the vehicle.
    [0002]
    2. Vehicle, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the rear face of the vehicle is vertical.
    [0003]
    3. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the exit is located on the rear face at a height such that at least part of the exit is above the centers of the rear wheel.
    [0004]
    4. Vehicle, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the exit is covered with a grid.
    [0005]
    5. Vehicle, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises a fan associated with the radiator to propel air through the radiator.
    [0006]
    6. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises a pump to propel the refrigerant fluid around the cooling circuit.
    [0007]
    7. Vehicle according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the refrigerant fluid is based on water.
    [0008]
    8. Vehicle, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the entire air flow path is defined by ductwork.
    [0009]
    9. Vehicle, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the air flow path is channeled to a front face of the radiator.
    [0010]
    10. Vehicle, according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the front face of the radiator is oriented transverse to the air flow path.
    [0011]
    11. Vehicle, according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the channel is arranged to establish a region of positive pressure on the front face of the radiator when the vehicle is in motion.
    [0012]
    12. Vehicle, according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that said positive pressure is uniformly distributed over said front face of the radiator.
    [0013]
    13. Vehicle, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the pipeline is completely sealed.
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-10-15| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-08-04| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-12-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 17/12/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB0922094.8|2009-12-17|
    GB0922094.8A|GB2476279B|2009-12-17|2009-12-17|Vehicle comprising a rearwardly mounted engine and radiator|
    PCT/GB2010/002289|WO2011073625A1|2009-12-17|2010-12-17|Improvements in or relating to vehicles|
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